Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin have a pseudo-anonymous nature making them attractive for money laundering, terror financing and other fraudulent activities. Cryptocurrency exchanges, where participants buy, sell and/or trade cryptocurrency for cash or fiat, commonly use a peer-to-peer network to validate transactions which are then posted to a public general ledger aka blockchain. Exchange participants can conduct more secure and anonymous transactions off-chain, which do not publicly broadcast details, to hide beneficial ownership. Cryptocurrency exchanges may or may not follow anti-money laundering (AML) and know your customer (KYC) rules for on-chain transactions. In addition, not all countries agree upon the same AML standards and may not apply them equally. Intergovernmental groups such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) have proposed global standards for virtual assets, which include cryptocurrencies, that will be formally adopted in June, to help ensure compliance with AML and counter terrorist financing (CTF) regulations.
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